Menu

Adva Center

Information on Equality and Social Justice in Israel

Adva Center

Information on Equality and Social Justice in Israel

  • About
  • Publications
  • Courses and Lectures
  • In the Media
  • Contact Us
Donate Here Subscribe to our newsletter!
עבר العربية
Subscribe to our newsletter!
עבר العربية
Dates:
Search Options:
  • About
  • Publications
  • Courses and Lectures
  • In the Media
  • Contact Us
Donate Here
Advanced Search
Skip to content
  • Budget and Economy
  • Gender
  • Employment
  • Education
  • Health
  • Welfare and Housing
  • Local Authorities
  • Climate
  • October 7 War
Research

The Bottom 10 Percent Needs the Top 10 Percent: Social Welfare Services in Israel

A Military Budget for a Permanent War

Numbers that Reveal Abandonment: Government Allocations to Local Governments in the “Gaza Envelope”

What is Financial Inclusion and What Needs to be Done to Include Arab Society in Israel?

Op-ed

One Fell Swoop

Dark Years for Israel: Comments on the Proposed National Budget for 2025

Everybody is Talking About the Cost of Living in Israel but Nobody is Doing Anything About It

Per Student Investment in Education in Israel is Lower than the Average among OECD Countries

Research

Gender Lens Philanthropy: The Complete Guide to Promote Gender Equity through Strategic Philanthropy

The October 2023 War: Impacts on Women in Israel

The Social Implications of The Corona Crisis: Rivki, A Haredi Working Woman from B’nei Brak

Hidden Figures: How the Coronavirus Has Affected Women and Men in Israel

Op-ed

The Threat to the Economic and Personal Security of Arab Women Wrought by the War

Sisterhood of Gun Violence: Women will Bear the Consequences of the Arming of the Israeli Civilian Population

In Times of Crisis, Women’s Employment is More Precarious than Men’s

How Adva Center Worked for Gender Budgeting in Israel – And What Still Needs to be Done

Video

Gender Mainstreaming Municipal Policy

Read the Post
Video

Gender Mainstreaming Municipal Policy

February 17, 2016

Three Examples for Gender Audit of Municipal Budgets

View

Research

Work Without Decent Pay in Israel

Israel – A Social Report 2022: The Inequality Epidemic Still Rages

Social Report 2021 – Corona: Epidemic of Inequality

The Celluloid Ceiling: A Gender-Based Analysis of The Israeli Film Industry

Op-ed

In Times of Crisis, Women’s Employment is More Precarious than Men’s

More Hi-Tech ? What Israel Really Needs is More Help-Tech

Research

Israel – A Social Report 2022: The Inequality Epidemic Still Rages

The Care Deficit: What it Means and How it Can be Reduced

Where is the Other Half of the Age Cohort? Twelfth graders who don’t matriculate

Percentage of Students Passing Matriculation Exams, by Locality 2009-2010

Op-ed

Per Student Investment in Education in Israel is Lower than the Average among OECD Countries

Let Them Learn: It Is the Time for a “New Deal” in Higher Education

Research

Food Insecurity in Bedouin Villages Deprived of Recognition in the Negev Region of Israel

Budgeting Resilience Centers: Professional Decisions or Political Pressures?

Israel – A Social Report 2022: The Inequality Epidemic Still Rages

Social Report 2021 – Corona: Epidemic of Inequality

Op-ed

In war as in peace, Arab Israeli physicians’ contribution to Israel is essential

More Hi-Tech ? What Israel Really Needs is More Help-Tech

Coronavirus Crisis: Cheers are not enough!

What Happened to 20% of Israel’s Citizens?

Research

The Poor Who Don’t Count: Poverty, Food Security and Economic Well-being among Asylum Seekers in Israel

Food Insecurity in Bedouin Villages Deprived of Recognition in the Negev Region of Israel

The Bottom 10 Percent Needs the Top 10 Percent: Social Welfare Services in Israel

Shelters under market conditions: Residential shelters in Israel subjected to the ‘private market’ interests

Op-ed

Proposed budget cuts will have an adverse effect on Arab youth

Lessons of the Covid-19 Epidemic Forgotten: Unrecognized Bedouin Villages in the Negev Face Hunger

More Hi-Tech ? What Israel Really Needs is More Help-Tech

As mental distress rises, health services are falling behind

Video

Online Event: Housing for All in Israel – What We Can Learn from Vienna?

Read the Post
Video

Online Event: Housing for All in Israel – What We Can Learn from Vienna?

Adva Center, The Van Leer Jerusalem Institute, April 25, 2022

Discussion on the possibility of implementing the policy of “housing for all” in Israel

View

Research

The Refiguring of Israel in the Wake of October 7, 2023

Numbers that Reveal Abandonment: Government Allocations to Local Governments in the “Gaza Envelope”

Central Government Subsidies of Municipal Budgets, 1997-2017

Inequality in Government Transfers to Municipalities, 1997-2016

Op-ed

What Happened to 20% of Israel’s Citizens?

The Quality of Municipal Officials Alone Does not Determine the Quality of Municipal Services

Video

Gender Mainstreaming Municipal Policy

Read the Post
Video

Gender Mainstreaming Municipal Policy

February 17, 2016

Three Examples for Gender Audit of Municipal Budgets

View

Research

Road Transport, Environment and Equity in Israel

labor rightswealthstate budgetpublic housinghousing crisis
Research

Israel: A Social Report – 2013

January 29, 2014
Share on FacebookShare on X (Twitter)Share on Email
Copy Link

The Gap between “Start-up Nation” and the Rest of the Nation

Download the full report View previous publications

The report Israel:

A Social Report – 2013 finds Israel at the top of the graphs of inequality

and poverty among developed nations, at a time when inequality has come to be

recognized throughout the world as a social and economic threat. However, this

recognition has yet to be realized in Israel: here the government opts to deal

with it – or to be exact, not to deal with it – by setting up committees to

effect limited changes, like the Trajtenburg Committee, the Committee on the

Concentration of the Economy, or the War against Poverty Committee.

However,

inequality is a macro-economic and macro-social issue that needs to be dealt

with at the highest level. What is

needed is not increasing this or that social security or social assistance

payment by so many shekels or decreasing prices by a few percentages, but

rather a concentrated effort on two fronts:

A.

Creating balanced economic growth that will create jobs that pay a

living wage. Side by side with the “start-up

nation” that provides a generous remuneration to its citizens – who

constitute approximately 10 percent of employed persons – and to an even

greater extent the directors-general of the large corporations and the top one

percent that benefit from large incomes from capital, there is the other side of

the nation, constituting three-quarters of employed persons, who earn less than

the average wage and 30 percent of employed persons who earn the minimum wage

or less. While the political leadership take pride in the law unemployment rate

– 5.8 percent — we find that in Arab localities job seekers comprise 15-30

percent of the work force and that in Jewish development towns job seekers

comprise 10-15 percent of the work force.

B.

Creating an array of social services that balance the unbalanced

effects of economic growth.

Firstly, the general educational level needs to be upgraded: in an era in which

employment with a decent wage requires higher education, less than 50 percent

of Israeli youth earn matriculation (bagrut) certificates and only 28.8 percent

of high school graduates enroll in universities and colleges with 8 years of

graduation. Another example: the Israeli social security system receives a

relatively low level of funding – 15.8

percent of GDP, compared with 20-30 percent GDP in most western European countries.

The long-term

effort to promote and empower the private sector by reducing budgetary

allocations for social services was accompanied by a retrenchment of social

services, services on which Israelis on the margins of economic development

depend if they are to take part in future economic and scientific developments.

Salaries and Household Income

·

In 2012, the annual salary bill of directors-general of the 100 largest

corporations on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange was, on average, NIS 4.519 million,

or NIS 376.6 thousands monthly.

·

The annual salary bill of the five highest earners in these

corporations was an average of NIS 3.421 million, or NIS 285 thousands monthly.

·

In 2012, the cost of the average salary of a director-general at the

largest corporations was 42 times the average wage (NIS 9.018) and 87 times the

minimum wage (NIS 4,300).

·

The State Revenues Authority publishes figures on income from capital

received by self-employed persons. Unfortunately, the latest figures are for

2008: that year, the total income of self-employed Israelis from capital was

NIS 18.3 billion. The top one percent received 74 percent of the total: NIS

13.5 billion.

·

Israel’s Gini coefficient is among the highest in OECD countries: In

2010 Israel was fifth highest among 35 countries, with a coefficient of 0.376.

Since the middle of the 1980s, inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient

increased in OECD countries by an average of 5.3 percent. In Israel, it

increased by 15.3 percent.

·

In 2012 women’s average monthly wage was 66 percent of men’s,

and women’s average hourly wage was 84.9 percent of men’s.

·

In 2012, the average monthly wage of employed urban Ashkenazi

workers (Israeli-born to fathers born in Europe or America) was 42 percent

above the average monthly wage of all employed urban workers. The wages of employed

urban Mizrahi workers (Israeli-born to fathers born in Asia or

Africa) was 9 percent above the overall average. The wages of employed Arab

urban workers was 34 percent below the overall average.

·

In 2012 households in the top quintile saved an average of NIS 1,168

per month for retirement, compared with NIS 64 per month for households in the

bottom quintile.

Education

·

The education system has yet to see 50 percent of the age cohort

graduate high school with matriculation diplomas. In 2012, the success rate was

49.8 percent. Similar results were achieved at the beginning of the decade,

followed by decreases.

·

Among young people graduating high school in 2004, only 34.6 percent

had enrolled in universities and academic colleges (not including the Open

University and teachers’ colleges) by 2012. The enrollees included:

o

38 percent of women, compared with 30.8 percent of men;

o

43.8 percent of Jewish graduates of academic high schools, compared

with 30.3 percent of Jews from technological tracks;

o

37.8% of Jewish high school graduates, compared with 10% of Arab high

school graduates.

Accessibility to Health

Services

·

In 2012, the monthly outlay of households in the top income decile for

supplemental and private health insurance policies was NIS 499, that of the

sixth decile NIS 243 and that of the second decile NIS 111.

·

In 2011, the gap between full funding and actual funding of the basket

of health services provided by the health funds under the National Health

Insurance Law continued to grow. The actual cost was NIS 32.67 billion, while

cost of full funding would have been NIS 48.83 billion.

ashkenazi jewsIsraeli arabshigher educationlabor rightsmizrachi jewswomenpensionpay gapseconomic growthIsrael: Social Reportstate budget

Israel: A Social Report

More on this subject
Photo: Shaula Heitner

Israel – A Social Report 2022: The Inequality Epidemic Still Rages

Shlomo Swirski, Etty Konor-Attias, Barbara Swirski, Shani Bar-On Maman, Yaron Hoffmann Dishon, Aviv Lieberman, May 1, 2022
Download the full report View previous publications

Social Report 2021 – Corona: Epidemic of Inequality

Shlomo Swirski, Etty Konor-Attias, Barbara Swirski, Yaron Hoffmann Dishon, Aviv Lieberman, Yuval Livnat, March 21, 2021
Download the full report View previous publications

Israel – A Social Report 2020: The Public Interest Needs to Return to Center Stage

Shlomo Swirski, Etty Konor-Attias, Aviv Lieberman, February 20, 2020
Download the full report View previous publications

Subscribe to our newsletter!

Don't miss our latest updates

  • About
  • Courses and Lectures
  • Contact Us
  • Publications
  • Israel: A Social Report
  • Israeli Budget Analysis
  • gender pay gaps
  • Gender Budgeting

Adva Center

Information on Equality and Social Justice in Israel

www.adva.org
contact@adva.org

Mobile and WhatsApp: 972-55-302-6117

milyarder bir adamın karısı olan mature şato tarzı evde yaşarken etliye sütlüye dokunmak istemediği için porno kirli çamaşırlarını bile hizmetçilere makineye attıracak kadar sex hikayeleri hizmeti seven bir kadın haline gelmiştir Paranın kazandırdıkları ensest hikayeler arasında kişisel bakımları olan mature diğer zengin kadınlar konulu porno gibi memeleri silikon olmayıp gerçek doğaldır Şatoda yarı zamanlı porno izle çamaşır odasında kirlileri yıkamak için işe giren genç porno hikayeleri oğlana kirli eşyalarını alırken üzerini örtmesini ısrarla porno söyleyen mature bir türlü sözünü geçiremediği dik başlı pornolar genci en sonunda onun kullanılmış am kokan donlarını koklarken porno görünce yetti artık diyerek kulağından tutup odaya getirir rokettube ve onun dik başlılığını baş kaldırmış memelerinin arasına koydu