{"id":1735,"date":"2013-04-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-04-29T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-04-27T08:24:09","modified_gmt":"2025-04-27T05:24:09","slug":"post-slug-1735","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adva.org\/he\/post-slug-1735\/","title":{"rendered":"\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd, \u05de\u05e2\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d2\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea: \u05d3\u05d5&quot;\u05d7 \u05dc\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2012"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u05d2\u05dd \u05db\u05e9\u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d4\u05e1\u05db\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dd \u05de\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd: \u05d1-2012 \u05e2\u05de\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05e2\u05dc 788 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d0\u05e8\u05d3 \u20aa. 1% \u05de\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 7.88 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d0\u05e8\u05d3 \u20aa. \u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d2\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc 2012 \u05e2\u05dc 67%, \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2002 (\u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e2\u05dc 62%, \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc), \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1-2012, \u05db\u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4, 39.4 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d0\u05e8\u05d3 \u20aa \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd. \u05dc\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05e9\u05d4: \u05d0\u05dd \u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e1\u05db\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc &#8211; \u05d1-2012, \u05db-3.6 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05df (\u05dc\u05d0 \u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05dc \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2012 \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05dc \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e6\u05d1\u05d0 \u05e7\u05d1\u05e2 \u05d5\u05e1\u05d3\u05d9\u05e8) &#8211; \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0, \u05db\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05db\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc, \u05d1\u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2, \u05ea\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc 10,924 \u20aa, \u05d0\u05d5 \u05db-910 \u20aa \u05dc\u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9. \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05ea \u05d4\u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05dc\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc 39.4 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d0\u05e8\u05d3 \u05e9&quot;\u05d7, \u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05ea\u05ea\u05d5\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e0\u05e4\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u05d4\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd: \u05d1\u05d9\u05df 2002 \u05dc-2012 \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1-46%, \u05d0\u05da \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc \u05d1-35%, \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc \u05d1-160%, \u05dc\u05e2\u05e8\u05da.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e0\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd:<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05e6\u05d2 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2. \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d5\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05e9\u05db\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05e1\u05d8\u05d8\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05e1\u05de\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d7\u05ea \u05dc\u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05df, \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e9\u05db\u05d9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc 63% \u05de\u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2 \u05dc\u05e9\u05db\u05d9\u05e8. \u05d1-2010, \u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2 (\u05d1\u05de\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9 2012) \u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05e2\u05dc 9,484 \u05e9&quot;\u05d7, \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05e2\u05dc 5,806 \u05e9&quot;\u05d7.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05ea\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e1\u05d5\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05e0\u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 \u05de\u05d6\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u05d1-2011, 25.8% \u05de\u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05e9\u05e7 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d3\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4-OECD \u05db\u05e0\u05de\u05d5\u05da \u2013 2\/3 \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05de\u05e9\u05e7. \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e0\u05de\u05d5\u05da \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d2\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05e9\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc 8%. \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u2013 1% \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u2013 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05dc \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05e7\u05d8\u05df \u05d0\u05da \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05d2\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d5\u05ea \u2013 6.4%.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u05e2\u05dd \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e0\u05de\u05d5\u05da \u05e0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 34.7% \u05de\u05d4\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd, 34.3% \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd, 34% \u05d7\u05e1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05ea \u05d1\u05d2\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5-26.8% \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05dd.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. \u05d1-2011, \u05d4\u05ea\u05d2\u05de\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05e0\u05db&quot;\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05ea\u05d0\u05d2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 &quot;\u05ea\u05dc \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d1 100&quot; \u05d9\u05e8\u05d3\u05d4, \u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc-2012; \u05d4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e8\u05e9\u05de\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d1\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.adva.org\/uploaded\/adva_labor-2012-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u05dc\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d0<\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05d3\u05d5&quot;\u05d7  \u05dc\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2012 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d2\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea; \u05d5\u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05dc\u05d2\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1955,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,147],"tags":[847,109,257,311,1073,202],"class_list":["post-1735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-employment","category-workers-employers","tag-unemployment","tag-labor-rights","tag-poverty","tag-wealth","tag-low-wage","tag-employment","post-type-research","category-15","category-147"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd, \u05de\u05e2\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05d2\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea: 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